历史将永远铭记他们——记在叠溪大地震的考察、研究和救灾工作中作出贡献的几位前辈   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

洪时中  徐吉廷 《国际地震动态》2009,(2):30-38

考证并记叙了在1933年叠溪地震的考察、研究和救灾工作中作出过重要贡献的若干前辈的事迹,包括常隆庆、李善邦、周郁如、徐近之、庄学本、张雪岩等先生和四川大学的师生们。他们是中国地震科学和防震减灾事业的先行者,永远值得我们怀念。  相似文献   

中国学者在数学地质学科发展中的成就与贡献   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵鹏大  夏庆霖 《地球科学》2009,34(2):225-231

在过去的四十年里, 中国学者在矿产资源定量预测与评价、非线性地质学等领域取得了大量研究成果, 如提出和发展了地质异常定量预测理论、“三联式”数字找矿理论、综合信息成矿预测方法、混沌边缘成矿理论、多重分形矿产预测理论与非线性信息提取和综合技术(如C-A模型和S-A模型、模糊证据权模型)等, 并在矿产勘查、环境和地质灾害预报中得到广泛应用.中国学者对数学地质学科的发展做出了重要贡献, 并在国际数学地球科学协会、重要学术期刊和学术会议上担任重要职务.中国数学地质学科已经形成了一些具有较大学术影响的优势领域和特色方向, 并成为当今国际数学地质研究中心之一.   相似文献   

Transformation relationship among different magnetic minerals within loess-paleosol sediments of the Chinese Loess Plateau     

QiaoQin Xie  TianHu Chen  XiaoChun Xu  ChengSong Qing  HuiFang Xu  YuBing Sun  JunFeng Ji 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):313-322

The dominant magnetic minerals and carriers of magnetic signals within the Chinese Loess Plateau are magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and goethite. In this study, we investigated the provenance and evolution of magnetic minerals during loess pedogenesis, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical and electron microscopy, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results reveal that single- and multiphase mineral assemblages among magnetic minerals in the loess-paleosol sequence have been formed. Partial oxidation of coarse eolian magnetite has occurred in the desert source area and the oxidation degree is enhanced after deposition of the dust upon the Chinese Loess Plateau. This mode of origin resulted in a microtexture consisting of an inner magnetite core surrounded by a hematite rim, and strongly affected the magnetic characteristics of the loess. Goethite coexists with hematite in the loess and paleosol, and nanometer-scale hematite is formed upon goethite rims via dehydration. Our study provides direct mineralogical evidence of the magnetic record and paleoclimatic implications of the loess-paleosol sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40772032 and 40573054) and National Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2007CB815603)  相似文献   

Distribution of uranium isotopes in the main channel of Yellow river (Huanghe), China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xueyan Jiang  Zhigang Yu  Teh-Lung Ku  Xinglun Kang  Wei Wei  Hongtao Chen 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

Uranium isotopes were measured in waters and suspended particulate matters (SPM) of the main channel of Yellow River, China that were sampled during four field trips between August 2005 and July 2006. The results show that the concentration of dissolved U (2.04–7.83 μg/l) and the activity ratio of ²³⁴U/²³⁸U (1.36–1.67) are much higher than the average U concentrations and activity ratios of global major rivers. Mass balance calculations using the results of simulated experiments and measurement data show that the section of the Yellow River between Lanzhou and Sanmenxia has its dissolved U derived from two sources: suspended sediments (68%) and groundwater/runoff from loess deposits (32%). Both sources are related to the heavy erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

中国大陆精密重力潮汐改正模型   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

周江存  徐建桥  孙和平 《地球物理学报》2009,52(6):1474-1482

利用理论和实验重力固体潮模型,充分考虑全球海潮和中国近海潮汐的负荷效应,建立了中国大陆的精密重力潮汐改正模型.结果表明,采用不同的固体潮模型会对重力潮汐结果产生相对变化幅度小于0.06％的差异;在沿海地区海潮负荷的影响约为整个潮汐的4％,而中部地区约为1％,其中中国近海潮汐模型的影响约占整个海潮负荷的10%,内插或外推潮波的负荷约占海潮负荷的3％.通过比较实测的重力数据表明,本文给出的重力潮汐改正模型的精度远远优于0.5×10^-8 m·s^-2,说明了本文构建的模型的实用性,可为中国大陆高精度重力测量提供有效参考和精密的改正模型.  相似文献   

近30年来天山托木尔峰东侧分水岭处冰川变化   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

姚永慧  励惠国  张百平 《干旱区地理》2009,32(6)

利用1978年出版的航测地形图与1976年MSS影像(地形图于20世纪70年代初期测绘)、1990年landsatTM影像、2002年CBERS影像对西天山托木尔峰以东分水岭处的5条冰川近30年来的动态变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,这5条冰川在1970年代初-2002年近30年来整体上处于退缩状态,这与该地区20世纪80、90年代气温升高导致冰雪消融加速而冬季降水量基本稳定即补给来源基本不变的趋势是相符合的。这也表明,在气候变暖的趋势下,该地区冰川的补给-消融动态平衡关系被打破,冰川总体上处于退缩状态。  相似文献   

中国城市空间拓展研究动态   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

郭月婷  廖和平  彭征 《地理科学进展》2009,28(3)

本文在总结了近年来中国城市空间拓展在形态与模式、空间拓展机制、空间拓展动态模拟、空间拓展环境效应等多方面所取得的丰硕成果和研究进展的基础上,提出现阶段中国城市空间拓展研究的主要特点是采用定量化的研究方法,筛选城市空间拓展的驱动因素,应用遥感和地理信息系统获得城市空间拓展准确信息,在此基础上构建模型对不同时空尺度的城市空间拓展过程加以模拟,并对城市空间拓展引起的生态环境效应加以分析,以此开展相关理论研究工作。针对目前研究工作特点和存在的不足,本文认为,今后中国城市空间拓展的主要发展方向应是借助日臻完善的研究手段和方法,深入开展城市空间拓展合理性评价,构建定量化动态模型,协调城市空间用地的增量布局与存量调整,并加强与国外城市空间拓展的比较研究。  相似文献   

基于空间分析与实证的中国农业土地边际收益与全要素生产率研究(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯麟科  张砚杰  战金艳  Thomas GLAUBEN 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(1):167-178

This paper attempts to explore the temporal and spatial nature of the marginal revenue of land, total factor productivity (TFP) change and its three components: technical change (TC), technical efficiency change (TEC) and scale efficiency change (SEC) as seen in Chinese agricultural production from 1995 to 1999. Based on county-level data, the study utilized both stochastic frontier and mapping analyses methods. The results show that growth in the marginal revenue of land was diverse across various regions, where most gain occurred in eastern coastal zone, while loss was in Northwest and North China. China has experienced moderate decreases in annual TFP change (-0.26%) with considerable regional variations. Specifically, the administrative intervention in grain production and the deterioration of the agricultural technology diffusion system led to a moderate drop in annual TFP change. County-level mapping analyses took into account interregional variances in TFP and its components. Regarding components of TFP, TEC differences explain the majority of regional dispersions in TFP. As developed areas in China, the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan economic zone face the challenges of land conversion and grain security amidst the process of urbanization.  相似文献   

基于DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光数据的中国1995-2008年电力消费量时空动态研究(英文)     

何春阳  马群  李通  杨洋  刘志锋 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(1):125-136

Electric power consumption (EPC) is one of the basic indices for evaluating electric power use. Obtaining timely and accurate data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC is crucial for understanding and practical deployment of electric power resources. In this study, an EPC model was developed using stable nighttime lights time-series data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS). The model was used to reconstruct the spatial patterns of EPC in Chinese Mainland at the county level from 1995 to 2008. In addition, the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC were analyzed, and the fol-lowing conclusions were drawn. (1) The EPC model reliably represented the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC in Chinese Mainland with approximately 70% accuracy. (2) The EPC in most regions of Chinese Mainland was at low to moderate levels, with marked temporal and spatial variations; of high-level EPC, 58.26% was concentrated in eastern China. Six urban agglomerations (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, middle-south of Liaoning Province, and Sichuan Basin) accounted for 10.69% of the total area of Chinese Mainland but consumed 39.23% of the electricity. (3) The EPC of most regions in Chinese Mainland increased from 1995 to 2008, and 64% of the mainland area showed a significant increase in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC were found in 61.62% of eastern China and 80.65% of central China from 1995 to 2008, whereas 75.69% of western China showed no significant increase in EPC. Meanwhile, 77.27%, 89.35%, and 66.72% of the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, and Shandong Peninsula, respectively, showed high-speed increases in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC occurred in 71.12% and 72.13% of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and middle-south of Liaoning Province, respectively, while no significant increase occurred in 56.34% of the Sichuan Basin.  相似文献   

大别山地区黄山松和油松树轮宽度的气候意义   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

郑永宏  张永  邵雪梅  尹志勇  张津 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):72-77

本文基于2010年采自大别山地区黄山松、油松树轮资料分别建立了树轮宽度标准年表,利用相关函数检验了年表与附近的麻城气象站1959-2009年月平均最高气温、月平均气温、月平均最低气温和月降水量之间关系,旨在探讨黄山松、油松树轮宽度的气候意义。研究结果显示,平均敏感度、标准差、信噪比等统计量黄山松年表均高于油松年表,表明黄山松年表较油松年表包含更多的气候信息,具有更高的树轮气候学研究价值。黄山松径向生长主要受当年2-7月平均气温限制,任何月份及月份组合降水量对黄山松径向生长的限制作用均不显著;油松径向生长主要受当年5-6月降水总量限制,任何月份及月份组合气温对油松径向生长的限制作用均不显著。研究表明,在中国亚热带暖湿地区,气候要素的年际变化亦可对部分树种径向生长具有较强的限制作用,树木年轮宽度的变化对气候具有指示意义。研究结果将进一步弥补中国亚热带暖湿地区树轮宽度年表的不足,为树轮气候重建研究提供参考和依据。  相似文献